Uro-oncology focuses on cancers affecting the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, prostate, and testicles. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving survival rates.

Common Urological Cancers:

• Prostate cancer: The most common cancer in men. Early-stage prostate cancer may require active surveillance, but more advanced stages may need surgery (prostatectomy), radiation, or hormone therapy.
• Bladder cancer: Often presents with hematuria (blood in the urine). Treatment involves surgery (cystectomy), chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
• Kidney cancer: Includes renal cell carcinoma, which may require nephrectomy (removal of the kidney) or partial nephrectomy.
• Testicular cancer: A rare cancer, but highly treatable. Surgery (orchiectomy) is the primary treatment, followed by chemotherapy or radiation as needed.

Treatment:

• Surgical: Depending on the cancer type and stage, surgery may be required for tumor removal, organ removal (e.g., prostatectomy), or bladder removal.
• Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy: Often used for advanced cancers or metastatic disease.
• Radiation: Used to shrink tumors or treat specific cancer sites.

Outcome: Uro-oncology treatments offer excellent outcomes, particularly when cancers are diagnosed early. Many cancers, such as prostate and testicular cancer, are highly treatable with appropriate interventions.