OAB is characterized by the frequent and urgent need to urinate, often accompanied by incontinence.

• Symptoms: Urgency, frequency, nocturia (waking up at night to urinate), and sometimes urge incontinence.
• Treatment:
  • Behavioral therapies: Bladder training, pelvic floor exercises.
  • Medications: Antimuscarinics (e.g., oxybutynin), beta-3 adrenergic agonists (e.g., mirabegron).
  • Advanced options: Botox injections into the bladder, sacral nerve stimulation, or even surgery in severe cases.

Outcome: With appropriate treatment, OAB can often be managed effectively, improving quality of life for affected individuals.